Concepts: J

The concepts described on these pages are words and expressions used in statistics with a specific, limited meaning. In everyday speech the word may have a different meaning. The same concept may mean a different thing in different sets of statistics. For example, the concept “unemployed” has three different definitions.

In connection with each definition you can find information about which sets of statistics use the concept. If you are looking for statistical figures, go from the definition to the statistics page.

Jobs endangered by bankruptcy refer to the number of jobs in enterprises or corporations for which a bankruptcy petition has been filed during the calendar year.

If the personnel number is unknown, the default number of one is applied.

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A job vacancy is a completely new job or an existing workplace for which an employer actively seeks an employee. The job must be open for application also to those not working in that establishment, and it is planned to be filled immediately or in near future.

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The number of jobs in enterprises for which a petition for restructuring has been filed during the calendar year. If the number of personnel is not known, the default number of one is applied.

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A joint company is an enterprise of which the group head or a subsidiary company owns one half while an enterprise outside the group owns the other half.

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There are several definitions for this concept

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A joint venture is a business arrangement, in which at least two parties commit to undertake a clearly defined financial action together. Enterprises use joint ventures widely also to gain access to foreign markets.

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A judgment by default, or a biased judgment, must be issued in a case in which settlement is allowed if the defendant is absent from the hearing or has not provided the requested written response detailing his/her response to the demands.

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The court procedure in civil law cases is divided into two phases, preparation and main hearing. Preparation is further divided into written preparation and oral preparation during a preparatory session.

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A person aged under 18 can be sentenced to a juvenile punishment if a fine is considered to be insufficient punishment and there are no weighty reasons requiring the imposing of an unconditional sentence of imprisonment, and conditional imprisonment with supervision is not deemed to promote sufficiently social adaptation or prevent further offences. A juvenile punishment may also be imposed on such offences of which only part have been committed under the age of 18 years. (Criminal Code, Chapter 6, Section 10). A juvenile punishment includes functions promoting social capacity and orientation to working life.

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